How do telephoto lenses “ignore” what’s directly in front of it?

How do telephoto lenses "ignore" what's directly in front of it? I recently saw this post on r/Cameras and the top comment mentioned that the black tape doesn't show up in the shot because it's a 1000mm lens. Now in practice this makes sense, but I'm lost on how the lens can simply ignore that tape. Cameras work by gathering light, and surely that tape is reflecting some light into that lens?
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